Make the assumptions
visible.

Transparent formulas. Clear limits.

Capital = base capital × (1 + contingency / 100). Operating costs are assumed constant in real terms, paid at each year-end. Present value = annual operating cost × [1 − (1 + r)⁻ⁿ] / r, where r is the real discount rate and n is the horizon. At a zero discount rate, operating present value = annual cost × years.

Combined present value adds capital at time zero to operating present value. Undiscounted cost adds capital to annual operating cost × years. Currency changes labels only; no exchange conversion occurs. Excludes financing, tax, inflation, construction phasing, replacement cycles, residual value and decommissioning. Results depend entirely on your inputs and do not determine investment viability.

Illustrative scoping support; not a quotation, professional engineering assessment or investment recommendation. Ask qualified specialists to review project-specific requirements.